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NEW QUESTION # 33
Which StringBuilder variable fails to compile?
java
public class StringBuilderInstantiations {
public static void main(String[] args) {
var stringBuilder1 = new StringBuilder();
var stringBuilder2 = new StringBuilder(10);
var stringBuilder3 = new StringBuilder("Java");
var stringBuilder4 = new StringBuilder(new char[]{'J', 'a', 'v', 'a'});
}
}
Answer: C
Explanation:
In the provided code, four StringBuilder instances are being created using different constructors:
* stringBuilder1: new StringBuilder()
* This constructor creates an empty StringBuilder with an initial capacity of 16 characters.
* stringBuilder2: new StringBuilder(10)
* This constructor creates an empty StringBuilder with a specified initial capacity of 10 characters.
* stringBuilder3: new StringBuilder("Java")
* This constructor creates a StringBuilder initialized to the contents of the specified string "Java".
* stringBuilder4: new StringBuilder(new char[]{'J', 'a', 'v', 'a'})
* This line attempts to create a StringBuilder using a char array. However, the StringBuilder class does not have a constructor that accepts a char array directly. The available constructors are:
* StringBuilder()
* StringBuilder(int capacity)
* StringBuilder(String str)
* StringBuilder(CharSequence seq)
Since a char array does not implement the CharSequence interface, and there is no constructor that directly accepts a char array, this line will cause a compilation error.
To initialize a StringBuilder with a char array, you can convert the char array to a String first:
java
var stringBuilder4 = new StringBuilder(new String(new char[]{'J', 'a', 'v', 'a'})); This approach utilizes the String constructor that accepts a char array, and then passes the resulting String to the StringBuilder constructor.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Given a properties file on the classpath named Person.properties with the content:
ini
name=James
And:
java
public class Person extends ListResourceBundle {
protected Object[][] getContents() {
return new Object[][]{
{"name", "Jeanne"}
};
}
}
And:
java
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Person");
String name = bundle.getString("name");
System.out.println(name);
}
}
What is the given program's output?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In this scenario, we have a Person class that extends ListResourceBundle and a properties file named Person.
properties. Both define a resource with the key "name" but with different values:
* Person class (ListResourceBundle):Defines the key "name" with the value "Jeanne".
* Person.properties file:Defines the key "name" with the value "James".
When the ResourceBundle.getBundle("Person") method is called, the Java runtime searches for a resource bundle with the base name "Person". The search order is as follows:
* Class-Based Resource Bundle:The runtime first looks for a class named Person (i.e., Person.class).
* Properties File Resource Bundle:If the class is not found, it then looks for a properties file named Person.properties.
In this case, since the Person class is present and accessible, the runtime will load the Person class as the resource bundle. Therefore, the getBundle method returns an instance of the Person class.
Subsequently, when bundle.getString("name") is called, it retrieves the value associated with the key "name" from the Person class, which is "Jeanne".
Thus, the output of the program is:
nginx
Jeanne
NEW QUESTION # 35
Given:
java
Period p = Period.between(
LocalDate.of(2023, Month.MAY, 4),
LocalDate.of(2024, Month.MAY, 4));
System.out.println(p);
Duration d = Duration.between(
LocalDate.of(2023, Month.MAY, 4),
LocalDate.of(2024, Month.MAY, 4));
System.out.println(d);
What is the output?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In this code, two LocalDate instances are created representing May 4, 2023, and May 4, 2024. The Period.
between() method is used to calculate the period between these two dates, and the Duration.between() method is used to calculate the duration between them.
Period Calculation:
The Period.between() method calculates the amount of time between two LocalDate objects in terms of years, months, and days. In this case, the period between May 4, 2023, and May 4, 2024, is exactly one year.
Therefore, p is P1Y, which stands for a period of one year. Printing p will output P1Y.
Duration Calculation:
The Duration.between() method is intended to calculate the duration between two temporal objects that have time components, such as LocalDateTime or Instant. However, LocalDate represents a date without a time component. Attempting to use Duration.between() with LocalDate instances will result in an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException because Duration requires time-based units, which LocalDate does not support.
Exception Details:
The UnsupportedTemporalTypeException is thrown when an unsupported unit is used. In this case, Duration.
between() internally attempts to access time-based fields (like seconds), which are not supported by LocalDate. This behavior is documented in the Java Bug System underJDK-8170275.
Correct Usage:
To calculate the duration between two dates, including time components, you should use LocalDateTime or Instant. For example:
java
LocalDateTime start = LocalDateTime.of(2023, Month.MAY, 4, 0, 0);
LocalDateTime end = LocalDateTime.of(2024, Month.MAY, 4, 0, 0);
Duration d = Duration.between(start, end);
System.out.println(d); // Outputs: PT8784H
This will correctly calculate the duration as PT8784H, representing 8,784 hours (which is 366 days, accounting for a leap year).
Conclusion:
The output of the given code will be:
pgsql
P1Y
Exception in thread "main" java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException: Unsupported unit:
Seconds
Therefore, the correct answer is D:
nginx
P1Y
UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
NEW QUESTION # 36
Given:
java
var frenchCities = new TreeSet<String>();
frenchCities.add("Paris");
frenchCities.add("Marseille");
frenchCities.add("Lyon");
frenchCities.add("Lille");
frenchCities.add("Toulouse");
System.out.println(frenchCities.headSet("Marseille"));
What will be printed?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In this code, a TreeSet named frenchCities is created and populated with the following cities: "Paris",
"Marseille", "Lyon", "Lille", and "Toulouse". The TreeSet class in Java stores elements in a sorted order according to their natural ordering, which, for strings, is lexicographical order.
Sorted Order of Elements:
When the elements are added to the TreeSet, they are stored in the following order:
* "Lille"
* "Lyon"
* "Marseille"
* "Paris"
* "Toulouse"
headSet Method:
The headSet(E toElement) method of the TreeSet class returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are strictly less than toElement. In this case, frenchCities.headSet("Marseille") will return a subset of frenchCities containing all elements that are lexicographically less than "Marseille".
Elements Less Than "Marseille":
From the sorted order, the elements that are less than "Marseille" are:
* "Lille"
* "Lyon"
Therefore, the output of the System.out.println statement will be [Lille, Lyon].
Option Evaluations:
* A. [Paris]: Incorrect. "Paris" is lexicographically greater than "Marseille".
* B. [Paris, Toulouse]: Incorrect. Both "Paris" and "Toulouse" are lexicographically greater than
"Marseille".
* C. [Lille, Lyon]: Correct. These are the elements less than "Marseille".
* D. Compilation fails: Incorrect. The code compiles successfully.
* E. [Lyon, Lille, Toulouse]: Incorrect. "Toulouse" is lexicographically greater than "Marseille".
NEW QUESTION # 37
Given:
java
Optional o1 = Optional.empty();
Optional o2 = Optional.of(1);
Optional o3 = Stream.of(o1, o2)
.filter(Optional::isPresent)
.findAny()
.flatMap(o -> o);
System.out.println(o3.orElse(2));
What is the given code fragment's output?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In this code, two Optional objects are created:
* o1 is an empty Optional.
* o2 is an Optional containing the integer 1.
A stream is created from o1 and o2. The filter method retains only the Optional instances that are present (i.e., non-empty). This results in a stream containing only o2.
The findAny method returns an Optional describing some element of the stream, or an empty Optional if the stream is empty. Since the stream contains o2, findAny returns Optional[Optional[1]].
The flatMap method is then used to flatten this nested Optional. It applies the provided mapping function (o -
> o) to the value, resulting in Optional[1].
Finally, o3.orElse(2) returns the value contained in o3 if it is present; otherwise, it returns 2. Since o3 contains
1, the output is 1.
NEW QUESTION # 38
......
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